研究课题：饮咖啡和茶在膀胱、直肠和结肠方面的研究
供稿：社区健康科学部， Calgary大学,加拿大

    主要内容：咖啡对膀胱癌的作用不明显，对结肠癌有防治作用。1992 到 1994 加拿大安大略省对这些癌和咖啡和茶之间的关系进行了研究。调查包括了927 个膀胱癌病例,991个结肠癌病例， 875个直肠的癌病例共 2118 人。虽然膀胱癌危险与咖啡或茶无关，但是在从未吸烟的人之中与咖啡之间的危险估计大大地增加了。咖啡对结肠癌有防治作用。相对于那些每天喝少于 1 杯咖啡的人的风险比，喝 1-2 杯的是 0.9(95% CI 0.8-1.1), 3-4 杯的是 0.8(95% CI 0.7-1.0),喝 5 或较多的是 0.7(95% CI 0.5-0.9);此作用是线性（正比）的关系。咖啡在防治病症方面的作用是对结肠癌高于对直肠癌。 咖啡或茶对直肠癌危险则毫无作用。 咖啡对所有的案例都有防治作用，而茶对所有的案例都没有防治作用。

    结论：咖啡可防治结肠癌、膀胱癌、直肠癌。

Coffee and tea consumption and cancers of the bladder, colon and rectum.
Woolcott CG,King WD, Marrett LD. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2002 Apr;11(2):137-45.Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Canada.

    Coffee has been observed to be associated weakly or not at all with bladder cancer risk, inversely with colon cancer risk, and inconsistently with rectal cancer risk. The association between these cancers and consumption of coffee and tea was examined in a single case-control study conducted in Ontario, Canada from 1992 to 1994. A questionnaire was filled out by 927 bladder cancer cases, 991 colon cancer cases, 875 rectal cancer cases, and 2118 population controls. Although bladder cancer risk was not associated with coffee or tea, risk estimates associated with coffee among subjects who had never smoked were non-significantly increased. Colon cancer risk was inversely associated with coffee. Relative to those drinking less than 1 cup of coffee per day, the odds ratios (OR) for those drinking 1-2 cups was 0.9 (95% CI 0.8-1.1), for those drinking 3-4 cups was 0.8 (95% CI 0.7-1.0), and for those drinking 5 or more cups was 0.7 (95% CI 0.5-0.9); these ORs decreased linearly (P = 0.008). The reduced risk estimates were more pronounced with cancer of the proximal colon than the distal colon. Rectal cancer risk was not associated with either coffee or tea. Coffee consumption was observed to have a different relationship for each of the cancer sites and tea consumption was not related to any cancer site.

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