研究课题：咖啡可防治男性胆结石
供稿：美国医学会期刊，营养部，哈佛公众的健康学院

    主要内容：咖啡有可以减少胆结石形成的危险一些新陈代谢的效应。目的:对男性的调查显示咖啡对胆结石有防治作用。设计及设定:在1986到1996对美国男性健康专业人士的追踪 131 个项目研究,一项有希望的候群研究中, 咖啡和其他含咖啡因饮料的消费被评估 参加者: 总数为 46008个男性, 40 到 75 岁，在 1986 年时没有胆结石病史。主要部份结果测量: 崭新具有征候的胆结石疾病 (利用超声或 x光诊断) 或胆切除术。结果:在 404 166 人的追踪期间， 1081个报告了具有征候的胆结石疾病, 885 必需作胆切除术。在调节其他可以预测的可疑的危险因子之后, 不喝咖啡男性在 1986 和 1990期间的比较危险 (RR) 比那些 2 到 3 杯/日的人是 0.60(95% 信心间隔 ,0.42-0.86) 比那些喝每天 4 或更多的杯子 RR 的人是 0.55 。 (95% CI,0.33-0.92) 咖啡对致病风险有减少作用。 具有征候的胆结石疾病的危险也用 逐渐增加作用。 ( P =.005)在为已知的或可疑的危险因子控制之后， RR 对男性在最低的种类 (<=25 毫克/d) 对比饮用加啡的人 (>800 毫克/d) 的最高种类中是 0.55 。 (95% CI,0.35-0.87) 在对比中， 不含咖啡因的咖啡则没有防治作用。

    结论:咖啡可帮助避免具有征候的胆结石疾病。

A prospective study of coffee consumption and the risk of symptomatic gallstone disease in men.
Leitzmann MF, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Spiegelman D, Colditz GA, Giovannucci E. JAMA. 1999 Jun 9;281(22):2106-12.
Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.

    CONTEXT: Coffee has several metabolic effects that could reduce the risk of gallstone formation. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between coffee consumption and the risk of symptomatic gallstone disease in men. DESIGN AND SETTING: The Health Professionals Follow-up Study, a prospective cohort study, in which the consumption of coffee and other caffeinated drinks was assessed starting in 1986 as part of the 131-item food frequency questionnaire given to US male health professionals with follow-up through 1996. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 46008 men, aged 40 to 75 years in 1986, without history of gallstone disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Newly symptomatic gallstone disease (diagnosed by ultrasonography or x-ray) or a cholecystectomy. RESULTS: During 404 166 person-years of follow-up, 1081 subjects reported symptomatic gallstone disease, of whom 885 required cholecystectomy. After adjusting for other known or suspected risk factors, compared with men who did not consume regular coffee in 1986 and 1990, the adjusted relative risk (RR) for those who consistently drank 2 to 3 cups of regular coffee per day was 0.60 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42-0.86) and for those who drank 4 or more cups per day the RR was 0.55 (95% CI, 0.33-0.92). All coffee brewing methods showed a decreased risk. The risk of symptomatic gallstone disease also declined with increasing caffeine intake (P for trend = .005). After controlling for known or suspected risk factors, the RR for men in the highest category of caffeine intake (>800 mg/d) compared with men in the lowest category (< or =25 mg/d) was 0.55 (95% CI, 0.35-0.87). In contrast, decaffeinated coffee was not associated with a decreased risk. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of US men, coffee consumption may have helped to prevent symptomatic gallstone disease.

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